The 2014 ebola virus disease evd outbreak was officially declared in the west africa region by the world health organization who on 23 march 2014. Who ebola virus disease democratic republic of the congo. Wed like to understand how you use our websites in order to improve them. A risk analysis approach to prioritizing epidemics. From 5 to 11 february, three new confirmed cases were reported in beni health zone, north kivu province. Emergency medical services public health implications and. Understanding ebola virus disease the guardian nigeria news. Nigerian minister of health, onyebuchi chukwu, md, and the world health organization declared this morning that nigeria is fully free of ebola virus transmission. We fit a transmission model to daily numbers of incident cases and deaths. Where an early response could have prevented the worst, failures on all levels allowed ebola to spread, exposing a deep rift between the population and political class of the countries affected.
There were over 15,000 confirmed cases and over 9,000 suspected cases. Rapid communications transmission dynamics and control of. Remembering health workers who died from ebola in 2014. Ebola virus disease evd is a lifethreatening viral disease. The 20142016 ebola outbreak in west africa has ended. How did nigeria quash its ebola outbreak so quickly.
Aug 11, 2014 the nurse tested positive for the ebola virus over the weekend, health minister onyebuchi chukwu told reporters in abuja, the capital. Pdf strategies used to contain ebola virus disease evd in. We also model the impact of control interventions on the size of the epidemic. Ebola, also known as ebola virus disease evd, is a viral haemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. The ebola outbreak in west africa has had a devastating effect on health workers in the three countries most affected by the virus. Case management, infection prevention and control case management. The 2014 ebola virus disease evd outbreak affected several countries worldwide, including six west african countries. The magnitude of recent outbreak of ebola virus disease evd in nigeria caught all the stakeholders and healthcare community unprepared. After containing ebola, nigeria not prepared for disease. Western african ebola virus epidemic ozzie anis et al. Ebola outbreak of 201416, also called 2014 ebola outbreak in west africa or ebola outbreak of 2014, outbreak of ebola virus disease that ravaged countries in western africa in 201416 and was noted for its unprecedented magnitude. It affected six west african countries among which nigeria is one. As of the end of march 2016, the west africa epidemic of ebola virus disease ebola had resulted in a total of 28,646 cases, 11,323 of them fatal, reported to the world health organization. Socioeconomic impact of ebola virus disease in west.
Impact of ebola virus disease on school administration in. Linking to a nonfederal website does not constitute an endorsement by cdc or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. The instrument was administered to one hundred and seventeen. The response to the outbreak was massive within africa and beyond. Ebola viral disease evd is a severe, often fatal illness, with a case fatality rate of up to 90% if untreated. Following the west africa ebola virus disease evd outbreak 202016, who developed a preparedness checklist for its member states. The epidemic, which began with the death of a twoyearold boy, was part of a larger ebola virus epidemic in west africa which spread through guinea and the neighboring countries of liberia and sierra leone, with minor outbreaks occurring in senegal, nigeria, and mali. Ebola is a rare but deadly virus that causes fever, body aches, and diarrhea, and sometimes bleeding inside and outside the body as the virus spreads through the body, it damages the immune. This checklist is currently being applied for the first time on a large and systematic scale to prepare for the cross border importation of the ongoing evd outbreak in the democratic republic of congo hence the need to document the lessons learnt from this. Jul 10, 2017 the 2014 ebola virus disease evd outbreak remains unprecedented both in the number of cases, deaths and geographic scope. Endemic to the african tropics, the ebola virus has killed thousands in recent years, putting the world health organization and major donor countries in the limelight as theyve grappled with.
Health workers have an obligation to provide the best medical care to improve patient survival, but also to provide symptom relief and palliation when required. Ebola is caused by infection with a virus of the family filoviridae. The outbreak has also claimed the lives of doctors, nurses, and technicians from mali. Nigeria free of new ebola cases, final surveillance contacts.
Ebola, previously known as ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a rare and deadly disease caused by infection with one of the ebola virus strains. Understanding the influence of imagination on health orientation. West africa is still paying the price for its poor response to the ebola epidemic. This study is focused on the impact of ebola virus disease evd on school administration in nigeria. Ebola virus disease evd, formerly known as ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a rare but severe, often fatal illness in humans. The prevailing outbreak of communicable diseases and lack of evd awareness strategies targeting.
Nigeria experienced an outbreak of evd with the arrival of an infected air traveler at the international airport in lagos on july 20, 2014 shuaib et al. The 2014 ebola virus disease outbreak has been declared an international public health emergency by the who. Abstract the western african ebola virus epidemic 202016 was the most widespread outbreak of ebola virus disease evd in historycausing major loss of life and socioeconomic disruption in the region, mainly in the countries of guinea, liberia, and sierra leone. The current west african ebola epidemic has been described as the most unprecedented in the history of the disease. Vaz, pascal mkanda, richard banda, william komkech, olubowale o. Additional cases in may and june heralded the countrys severe outbreak. Pdf march 2014, the world health organization declared the outbreak of ebola viral disease evd in guinea with extensions into liberia. The 2014 ebola virus disease evd outbreak in west africa is the longest, largest, deadliest. Nigeria was one of the west african countries gripped by the fear of the spread of the ebola virus disease evd, leading to a long period of delay in resumption of primary and secondary schools for academic activities in september 2014. The outbreak in nigeria affected 19 people and led to 7 deaths cfr 37%. Apr 22, 2015 margaret chan, ebola virus disease in west africano early end to the outbreak, the new england journal of medicine 371, no. Unless all actors learn from the crisis, a similar disaster may be just a matter of time. An evaluation of psychological distress and social support. The ebola virus disease evd outbreak in west africa was unprecedented in spread and its attendant response.
In december 2015, guinea was declared free of ebola transmission by the u. Ebola virus epidemiology and evolution in nigeria the journal of. Socioeconomic impact of ebola virus disease in west african. The macroeconomic impact of the ebola virus disease 37 3. Public knowledge, perception and source of information on. Ebola virus disease who regional office for africa. Since the first cases of the west african epidemic were reported in march 2014, there has been an.
The ebola virus disease evd outbreak was declared in nigeria by the federal ministry of health on 24th july 2014 following the arrival of a male passenger from liberia whose condition degenerated inflight and necessitated evacuation to a hospital on arrival in lagos. The 2014 ebola virus disease evd outbreak that started in guinea in december 20 is the 25th known evd outbreak since 1976. The ebola virus disease consolidated preparedness checklist revision 1 the ebola virus disease evd outbreak in affected countries in west africa is unprecedented in scale and geographical reach. On july 20, 2014, an acutely ill traveler from liberia arrived at the international airport in lagos, nigeria, and was confirmed to have ebola virus disease ebola after being admitted to a private hospital. Analysis of the short and mediumterm costs of the ebola epidemic should spur governments of nonaffected countries to act quickly to put in place preventive measures. The outbreak has killed more than 4,500 people in west africa, mostly in liberia, guinea, and. Pdf ebola virus disease awareness among school teachers in. Transmission was centred in the four prefectures of forecariah n5, boke n5, conakry n1. Ebola virus disease consolidated preparedness checklist. It has the potential to spread to other countries in africa and beyond.
Cases of the ebola virus disease in nigeria were reported in 2014 as a small part of the epidemic of ebola virus disease commonly known as ebola which originated in guinea that represented the first outbreak of the disease in a west african country. In liberia, ebola virus disease was first reported from lofa county on march 30, 2014, a week after cases in guinea had been reported figure 1. By january 2016, suspected and confirmed cases had totaled more than 28,600, and reported deaths numbered about 11,300, making the outbreak significantly larger. Oct 20, 2014 nigeria won praise for its swift response after a liberian diplomat brought the disease there in july. Ebola virus disease outbreak nigeria, julyseptember 2014. This week, the case incidence continued to be low in the ebola virus disease evd outbreak in the democratic republic of the congo figure 1. Death rate ranges between 30% and 90%, the first evd outbreak was reported in the 1970s in zaire. There were 318 cases and 280 deaths, an 88% case fatality rate. The ebola virus and nigeria jumoke oduwole senior lecturer, department of jurisprudence and international law, faculty of law, university of lagos, nigeria. Laboratory tests subsequently confirmed that the traveller from liberia had. Impact of ebola virus disease on school administration in nigeria. Perceptions of ebola virus disease in nigeria wiley online library. An account of the ebola virus disease outbreak in nigeria. Musa2, faisal shuaib3, and sandro gsteiger1 1institute of social and preventive medicine ispm, university of bern, bern, switzerland 2world health organization nigeria of.
Nigeria reported its first case of the disease in july, 2014, at the end of the epidemic 20 people were infected and eight of them died. Response to ebola virus disease outbreak in nigeria, west. The declaration of nigeria as an ebolafree country by the world health. Ebola can cause disease in humans and nonhuman primates monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees. In terms of the duration, it is also the longest and largest ebola epidemic and the first to affect the. Ebola spotlight emerging infectious diseases journal cdc. This first episode of evd in nigeria on 20 july 2014 raised more intense panic globally than the seven occurrences of the disease in zaire. Previous outbreaks had been confined to countries in central africa. Chan, ebola virus disease in west africano early end to the outbreak, 1183. Such outbreaks typically lead to widespread fear and panic, and stigmatisation and social exclusion of patients with the disease, survivors, and relations. Ebola virus infection epidemiology bmj best practice.
Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. A lot still needs to be done to make nigeria ebola virus free in the coming months. Ebola virus disease archives the guardian nigeria news. Cumulative reported cases and deaths of ebola virus disease in nigeria, julyseptember 2014, a total of 19 laboratoryconfirmed cases, one probable case and eight deaths among the cases have been reported as of 1 october 2014. That brings the total number of confirmed ebola cases in. Events in liberia drew widespread attention to ebola as a threat to global health security including urbanization of the disease. The disease was first discovered in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks in sudan and democratic republic of congo.
Of the nearly 17 000 cases of ebola virus disease in guinea, liberia, and sierra leone, at least 600 have been among healthcare providers. Role of the polio program infrastructure in response to ebola. This index patient potentially exposed 72 persons at the airport and the hospital. Vomiting, diarrhoea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. Rapid risk assessment outbreak of ebola virus disease in west africa, 12th update, 30 june 2015 3 guinea. Role of the polio program infrastructure in response to. Pdf strategies used to contain ebola virus disease evd.
It was the largest ebola epidemic in the history and the first to affect multiple countries simultaneously. Visiting professor and holder of the prince claus chair in developmen t and. Visit the ebola outbreak section for information on current ebola outbreaks on march 23, 2014, the world health organization who reported cases of ebola virus disease evd in the forested rural region of southeastern guinea. Musa2, faisal shuaib3, and sandro gsteiger1 1institute of social and preventive medicine ispm, university of bern, bern. Pdf ebola virus epidemiology and evolution in nigeria.
On 15 june 2017, no new confirmed or probable cases were reported. The 25th known outbreak of the ebola virus disease evd is now a global public health emergency and the world health organization who has declared the epidemic to be a public health emergency of international concern pheic. Sep 30, 2014 number of cases of confirmed n 19 and probable n 1 ebola virus disease, by date of illness onset and threegeneration spread nigeria, julyaugust 2014 the patient with july 29 illness onset was exposed in lagos, traveled to port harcourt for treatment and initiated the port harcourt case cluster. The 2014 ebola virus disease evd outbreak was officially declared in the west africa region by. We assure the federal government of the nsps full support in the cause to empower and educate nigerians in the wake of this outbreak and play our roles as it is related. May 31, 2018 ebola virus disease formerly known as ebola haemorrhagic fever is a severe, often fatal illness, with a death rate of up to 90 per cent caused by ebola virus, a member of the filovirus family. Knowledge and hygiene practices for the prevention of ebola virus. Understanding ebola virus disease the guardian nigeria. Pdf containment limited the 2014 nigerian ebola virus ebov disease outbreak to 20 reported cases and 8 fatalities. Containment limited the 2014 nigerian ebola virus ebov disease outbreak to 20 reported cases and 8 fatalities. Despite the high knowledge of ebola virus disease and adherence to the practices in nigeria and ghana, correlational analysis showed this did.
Since the last situation update on june, 9 alerts have been reported and investigated of which two fulfilled the case definition as a suspected. Ekundarefamiyesin, rosemary onyibe, sunday abidoye, peter nsubuga, sylvester maleghemi, bolatito hannahmurele, sisay g. How prepared are nigerian schools for ebola virus disease. Ebola viral disease evd, west africa, nigeria, efmc. Significant national and international delay in response to the epidemic resulted in 28,652 cases and 11,325 deaths. Nigerian response to the 2014 ebola viral disease outbreak. The first cases of ebola virus infection were reported in zaire now known as the democratic republic of the congo in 1976.
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